Polymer characterization is the analytical branch of polymer science which includes determining molecular weight distribution, the molecular structure, the morphology of the polymer, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and any additives of Polymeric materials. Polymer characterization is done with a variety of experimental approaches.

Materials science and engineering, involves the discovery and design of new materials, with an emphasis on solids and scientific study of the properties and applications of materials of construction or manufacture (such as ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites). Materials science is also an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis. In a broad sense, materials science involves studying the synthesis, processing, structure, properties and performance of materials. Properties of interest can be mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical and quantum mechanical. The outcome of such a study can directly impact the society in which we live and work, by benefiting the industries involved in electronics, communications, medicine, transportation, manufacturing, recreation, energy and environment.

Now we are at the beginning of new era of science that explores the behavior of material at their bottom, set new areas in technical applications of polymeric materials, and expose immense opportunities in the enactment and application of materials. Nanotechnology has currently acknowledged an exceptional interest of researchers, technology incubators and commercial organizations to step headfirst in introducing the materials containing nanocomposite structure and new performance standards. Other areas include polymer-based biomaterials, nanoparticle drug delivery, layer-by-layer self-assembled polymer films, miniemulsion particles, imprint lithography, polymer blends, fuel cell electrode polymer bound catalysts, electrospun nanofibers, and nanocomposites

Polymers synthesis determines the molecular structure and it will help us to avoid side reactions and achieve a worthy product. Polymerization polymers can be of many types. First one is the Chain growth polymerization and second is Step growth polymerization. In chain growth, polymerization is activated by the activation of neighboring monomers of a monomer. High molecular weight polymers are obtained quickly with a rapid process of chain growth polymerization. On the other hand, in step growth polymerization, bi functional monomers are combined in a systematic approach to build covalent bonds. In this process molecular weight increases slowly and in step wise.

Biopolymers and Bioplastics are produced by the natural substances. Microorganism produces Bioplastics from the used plastic containers and agricultural by products. On the other hand common fossil-fuel plastics are derived from the natural resources like petroleum and natural gas. In the process of Bioplastic production, polymers are used which are obtained from the natural organism. The molecules primarily known as monomeric modules are exist in the Bioploymers to produce large structures. According to monomeric molecule structure used, Biopolymer can be categorized into three main classes. The classes are, Ploynucleotids, Polypetides and Polysaccharides. Rubber and Cellulose is the most common compound and biopolymer on the Earth.

Polymer coating systems can be applied to a metal surface to provide anticorrosion protection. However, polymer coatings develop microcracks easily in structural applications, reducing lifespan, so early sensing, diagnosis and repair of microcracks are important. In this work microcapsules and a catalyst were mixed into a coating matrix so that the active agents were released in a controlled way.