The study of Epidemiology is the investigation of how regularly sicknesses happen in various groups of individuals and why. Epidemiological data is utilized to design and assess methodologies to Prevent Illness and as a manual for the administration of patients in whom diseases has already developed. Epidemiologists endeavor to figure out what elements are related with diseases(Risk elements), and what components may secure individuals or animals against diseases(Protective elements).

Infectious diseases keep on majorly affecting the health of networks far and wide from the world HIV and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics, to the danger of safe resistant bacteria, to the challenge of emerging and newly identified pathogens. All compel the need for new ways to detect such pathogens, to understand their pathogenesis, and to devise effective interventions for their prevention and control. Infectious Disease Epidemiology collections of  domestic and global works on the epidemiology of emerging and re-emerging infections, world infectious disease threats, disease surveillance, disease detection, vaccines development and other methods of prevention, various clinical trials, and the effect of infectious pathogens in the pathogenesis of chronic non-communicable diseases, like cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Telemedicine is the utilization of media transmission and information technology to give clinical social insurance in healthcare. It is utilized to enhance access to medical administrations that are commonly not reliably accessible in far-off bucolic places. Early types of telemedicine accomplished with phone and radio have been added with video telephony, progressed indicative techniques upheld by circulated customer/server applications, and moreover with telemedical gadgets to help in-home care. It also includes Telemedicine in Disaster Relief, Provides High-Quality care for Prison Facilities, Minimizes absentees in School, Medication Management by Telepsychiatry program.

Vaccines, which are biological preparations that develop immunity to a specific disease, are a vital part of disease prevention. Immunization can prevent the suffering and death caused by infectious diseases like polio, measles, and pneumonia. Immunizations prepare the immune system to ward off a disease. To immunize against viral diseases, the virus used in the vaccine should been weakened or killed. To only immunize against bacterial diseases, it is commonly possible to use a small portion of the dead bacteria to stimulate the production of antibodies against the whole bacteria.

The study of viruses and its characteristics features is termed as Virology. Viruses can infect all forms of life (bacteria, plants, protozoa, fungi, insects, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Viruses are difficult targets for chemotherapy because they replicate only inside the host cells, majorly utilizing most of the host cell's biosynthetic processes. Since a virus must grow inside a host cell, the virus must be viewed together along with its host in any consideration of pathogenesis, epidemiology, host defenses, or therapy. Virology mainly deals with the scientific regulations concerned with the viruses, physiology, molecular biology and viral diseases along with their causal agents. The relationships they establish with their hosts are important for successful examination and clinical management of their pathologic processes.