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Latest news about Clinical Pediatrics and Child care

2020-12-28

The clinical syndrome of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is now a worldwide pandemic and is causing an excess burden of disease in vulnerable populations.1 The clinical spectrum of illness was termed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as COVID-19. On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19 to be a public health emergency concern, and over the next 6 months COVID-19 spread to 213 countries with more than 9 million cases and 474?357 deaths as of June 2020.COVID-19, the illness caused by the virus, has a broad spectrum of clinical features that range from being asymptomatic to respiratory failure and death. The main source of infection is from direct contact with infected individuals. While symptomatic patients are considered most infectious, the incubation period of illness is up to 2 weeks with asymptomatic and presymptomatic a potential source of infection. Thus, control of the viral spread has proved to be challenging.The Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests the following groups are at most risk for serious infection: (1) people 65 years and older and (2) those with underlying medical conditions such as those with chronic lung disease, heart conditions, immunocompromise, severe obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis, and liver disease.Unfortunately, several other groups have been particularly vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19. Early in the epidemic, there were concerns that minority groups would have greater morbidity than the general population. Historically this pattern of minorities facing disproportionate consequences was seen in other pandemics such as the yellow fever epidemic of 1792-1793 in Philadelphia, the smallpox epidemic of 1862-1867, and the 1918 influenza pandemic Life expectancy before COVID-19 was already shorter in the Black population compared with the Whites (75 years vs 79 years). Minorities have a higher rate of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death than Whites. An analysis of 2886 US counties showed there was a positive correlation between the percentage of Blacks and Asian Americans living in a county and infection rate and death. While only 22% of counties in the United States are disproportionately Black, they account for 58% of COVID-19 diagnoses and 58% of deaths nationally. Minorities are more likely to have jobs that are designated as essential and thus have more exposure to the illness. They are also more likely to have other risk factors such as a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, have fewer community health resources including COVID-19 testing, less access to healthy food, and face potential health care bias in treatment The COVID-19 pandemic combines a health crisis with an economic crisis as many countries were forced to shut down their economies. In the United States, the economic downturn meant the loss of 24.7 million jobs and the lo

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