Surgery
Surgery is a medical specialty that uses an individual's operative manual and instrumental methods to examine or treat a pathological disorder such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance, or to repair undesirable ruptured areas.

Robotic surgery
Robotic surgery is PC helped surgery and mechanically helped surgery is terms for innovative improvements that utilization automated frameworks to help in surgical methodology. Mechanically helped surgery was produced to beat the impediments of previous negligibly obtrusive surgical strategies and to upgrade the capacities of specialists performing open surgery. On account of mechanically helped negligibly obtrusive surgery, rather than specifically moving the instruments, the specialist utilizes one of two strategies to control the instruments either a direct telemanipulator or through PC control. A telemanipulator is a remote controller that enables the specialist to play out the ordinary developments related with the surgery while the automated arms do those developments utilizing end-effectors and controllers to play out the genuine surgery on the patient.

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Reconstructive surgery covers a wide variety of procedures that are performed to help repair damaged tissue. Causes of tissue damage can range from birth defects or traumatic injuries to severe burns or disease, repair and reshape bodily structures affected by birth defects, developmental abnormalities, trauma/injuries, infections, tumours and disease. The surgeon replaces tissue or nerves removed during treatment for head and neck cancer or skin cancer.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery is the medicinal field concern with the deterrence, analysis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affects the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system. Neuro anesthesia is major division established in endovascular surgery. Neurosurgery is divided into various categories such as vascular neurosurgery and Endovascular neurosurgery. Certain types of neurosurgery are stereotactic neurosurgery, epilepsy surgery, endovascular neurosurgery, vascular neurosurgery and, functional neurosurgery. Hemispherectomy is the removal of part of the brain.

General Anesthesia
General anesthesia is a medicinally prompted unconsciousness with loss of defensive reflexes, coming about because of the organization of at least one general sedative operator. An assortment of medications might be regulated, with the worldwide point of guaranteeing obviousness, amnesia, absence of pain, loss of reflexes of the autonomic sensory system, and now and again loss of motion of skeletal muscles. The ideal mix of medications for any given patient and technique is regularly chosen by an anesthetist, or another supplier, for example, a working division expert, anesthetist professional, doctor collaborator or attendant anesthetist (contingent upon nearby practice), in interview with the patient and the specialist, dental practitioner, or other specialist playing out the agent system.

Anesthesia Risks and Complications
Risks and complications with anesthesia are classified as either bleakness (an infection or turmoil that outcomes from anesthesia) or mortality (demise that outcomes from anesthesia). Endeavoring to measure how anesthesia adds to dismalness and mortality can be troublesome on the grounds that a man's wellbeing before surgery and the many-sided quality of the surgical system can likewise add to the dangers. Anesthesia is by and large sheltered; however confusions with anesthesia can happen. Local anesthesia conveys the most reduced hazard, and general anesthesia the most elevated. A hypersensitive response to a soporific operator can be dangerous and can happen with an anesthesia. Medication sensitivities stay obscure until the point when the substance is ingested; such a significant number of individuals are uninformed of them.

Breast & Orthopedic Surgery
Orthopedic Surgery is the surgery concerned with situations involving the musculoskeletal system. To treat musculoskeletal trauma orthopaedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means, tumours, spine diseases, degenerative diseases, sports injuries, congenital disorders and infections. Breast surgery is surgery performed on the breast. Breast hematoma due to an operation will usually resolve with time but should be followed up with more detailed evaluation if it does not. The combined effects of radiation and breast cancer surgery can in particular lead to complications such as breast fibrosis, secondary lymphedema which may occur in the arm, the breast or the chest, in particular after axillary lymph node dissection, breast asymmetry, and chronic/recurrent breast cellulitis, which have long-term effects.

Anesthesia Recovery
The quick time after anesthesia is called development. Rising up out of general anesthesia or sedation requires cautious observing in light of the fact that there is as yet a danger of complexity. Queasiness and heaving are accounted for at 9.8% yet will fluctuate with the kind of analgesic and technique. There is a requirement for aviation route bolster in 6.8%, there can be urinary maintenance and hypotension in 2.7%. Hypothermia, shuddering and disarray are likewise basic in the quick post-agent period as a result of the absence of muscle development amid the technique. "Recuperation from anesthesia isn't just the consequence of the soporific wearing off,' yet in addition of the cerebrum discovering its way back through a labyrinth of conceivable action states to those that permit cognizant experience.

Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
Distinctive sorts of pancreatectomy, for example, pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple methodology), distal pancreatectomy, segmental pancreatectomy, and aggregate pancreatectomy. These methodologies are utilized as a part of the administration of a few conditions including the pancreas, for example, favourable pancreatic tumours, pancreatic malignancy, and pancreatitis. Hepatology is the subdivision of drug which incorporates the investigation of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas and also to treat their issue. Albeit generally considered sub-strength of gastroenterology, quick development has driven in a few nations.

Surgical Oncology
Surgical oncology is the branch of surgery connected to oncology. As one of a few modalities in the management of malignancy, the claim to fame of surgical oncology, before present day solution the main growth treatment with a possibility of progress, has advanced in steps like medicinal oncology (pharmacotherapy for tumour), which became out of hematology, and radiation oncology, which became out of radiology. The Ewing Society is the Society of Surgical Oncology was begun by specialists intrigued by advancing the field of oncology. Complex General Surgical Oncology was endorsed by a claim to fame Board accreditation in 2011 from the American Board of Surgery. The multiplication of growth focuses will keep on popularizing the field, as will advancements in insignificantly obtrusive procedures, palliative surgery, and neo-adjuvant medicines.

Laparoscopic Anti-Reflux Surgery
A surgical strategy that reinforces the piece to heartburn when the lower esophageal sphincter does not work regularly and there is gastro-esophageal reflux. Fundoplication has been the standard surgical strategy for treating gastro-esophageal reflux sickness (GERD). GERD is the star grouping of irritation, torment (indigestion), and complexities that outcomes when heartburns (disgorges) from the stomach move down into the throat. In typical conditions, there is a boundary to heartburn. One a player in this hindrance is the lower-most muscle of the throat (called the lower esophageal sphincter) which is contracted and shuts off the throat from the stomach more often than not. In individuals with GERD, the sphincter does not work typically. It is frail or unwinds improperly, allowing the corrosive from the stomach to backpedal up into the throat.

Colon and Rectal Surgery
The rectum is the last straight bit of the internal organ in people and some different warm blooded creatures. Colorectal surgery is a field in solution, managing illnesses of the rectum, butt, and colon. The field is otherwise called proctology and is frequently utilized to distinguish works on identifying with the butt and rectum specifically. Doctors spend significant time in this field of pharmaceutical are called colorectal specialists or proctologists. In the United States, to end up noticeably colorectal specialists, these surgical specialists need to finish a general surgery residency, and additionally a colorectal surgery association, whereupon they are qualified to be guaranteed in their field of aptitude by the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery or the American Osteopathic Board of Proctology.

Transplant surgery
Transplant surgery is the careful evacuation of an organ(s), tissue, or blood items from a benefactor and precisely setting or mixing them into a recipient. Transplant medical procedure is a treatment alternative for infections or conditions that have not improved with other therapeutic medications and have prompted organ disappointment or damage. Transplant medical procedure is commonly saved for individuals with end-arrange sickness that has no different alternatives. The choice to perform transplant surgery depends on the patient's age, general physical condition, finding and phase of the sickness. Transplant medical procedure isn't prescribed for patients who have liver, lung, or kidney issues; poor leg dissemination; malignant growth; or perpetual diseases.

Acute Pain Management
Acute pain can be mild and last just a moment, or it might be severe and last for weeks or months. The Division of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Perioperative Pain Management utilize state of the art regional anesthesia techniques as the main component of a multimodal approach to acute pain management. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that elicits protective motor actions, and is capable of modifying species-specific behavior, including social behavior. Pain management is an approach to reducing pain and suffering associated with post-operative patients or patients in other medical situations.

Aesthetic medicine and plastic surgery
The exciting field of Aesthetic Medicine is another trend in modern medicine. Aesthetic medicine is an expansive term for specialties that emphasis on improving cosmetic appearance through the treatment of conditions including skin laxity, liver spots, wrinkles, excessive fat, scars, and skin discoloration. Aesthetic medicine incorporates surgical and non- surgical and experts may use a blend of both. Aesthetic medicine contains every medical procedure that is planned for improving the physical appearance and fulfillment of the patient, utilizing non-invasive to insignificantly invasive cosmetic procedures. Some Aesthetic Medicine procedures are performed under local anesthesia while a few methods don't require anesthetics by any stretch of the imagination. Plastic surgery is a reconstructing or repairing parts of the body by the transfer of tissue, either in the treatment of injury or for cosmetic reasons. It can be differentiated into two main divisions: reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. While reconstructive surgery intends to reproduce a part of the body or improve its functioning, cosmetic surgery aims at improving the appearance of it. Both of these techniques are utilized throughout the world.

Oral and Maxillofacial surgery
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a specialist branch of dentistry which specialise in disorders of the mouth, teeth, jaws and facial structures. It encompasses diagnosis, surgical and related management of various conditions such as impacted/embedded teeth misaligned jaws, facial pain and trauma, snoring/obstructive sleep apnoea and oral cancer. Major complex surgery in OMFS is exciting, and often collaborative. It includes: craniofacial surgery for congenital problems, cancer and injuries involving the skull base, facial surgery for cancer, skin cancer surgery. Certain list of procedures undertaken by oral and maxillofacial surgeons include: surgical treatment of facial injuries, removal of head and neck benign and malignant tumors, reconstructive surgery, removal of impacted teeth and complex buried dental roots. To bring growth and advancements in this field of surgery, Surgery Asia Pacific 2020 will have its focus on the following topics for the gathering. Maxillofacial Trauma Coding and nomenclature Pathologic lesions of the head and neck Dentoalveolar surgery Maxillofacial Reconstruction Cleft lip and palate repair Ambulatory general anesthesia and deep sedation

Pediatric surgery
Pediatric surgery the surgical care of children from the fetus to adolescence. In addition to the usual fears and emotional trauma of illness and hospitalization, the child is especially concerned about being anesthetized. This field has various specialties such as Pediatric general surgery, Pediatric otolaryngology, Pediatric ophthalmology, Pediatric urology, Pediatric orthopedic surgery, etc. There are several pediatric conditions amendable to pediatric surgical treatment. Following are few Pediatric Surgery Procedures which are of key concerns: Abdominal Wall Defect, Appendectomy, Appendicostomy, Biliary Atresia, and Brachial Cleft Cyst. In this 12th International Conference on Surgery and Anaesthesia sessions will focus on the following topics: Gastroschisis repair Myotomy Pediatric Torticollis Surgery

Airway Management in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Airway management is a crucial skill for the clinical anesthesiologist. It is an integral part of general anesthesia, allowing ventilation and oxygenation as well as a mode for anesthetic gas delivery. Major complications of airway management in the operating room are very rare but may be life threatening is a challenging procedure and is frequently associated with life threatening complications. The incidence of difficult intubations range from 10% to 22%, depending on the setting and the patients in need of endotracheal intubation.

Trauma Surgery & Critical Care
Surgical critical care training enables the trauma surgeon to address most injuries to the neck, chest, abdomen, and extremities. Trauma care covers the spectrum of simple isolated fractures to severe life threatening accidents with multiple broken bones. While many fractures can be treated very well by general Orthopedic surgeons, some can benefit from fracture specialists. More significant injuries with multiple broken bones, compound fractures and fractures near a joint, and fractures of the pelvis are more difficult to treat, and benefit the most from specialized care. Additionally, problems with healing including non-union, infections (osteomyelitis) and healing with poor alignment (malunion) are often treated by fracture specialists.

Gastric Bypass Surgery & Bariatric Surgery
Gastric bypass surgery alludes to a surgery where the stomach is partitioned into a small upper pouch and an a lot bigger lower "remnant " pocket and after that the small intestine is rearranged to connect to both. Specialists have built up a few unique approaches to reconnect the digestive system, in this manner prompting a few distinctive gastric bypass (GBP)surgery. Any GBP prompts a stamped decrease in the practical volume of the stomach,accompained by an altered physiological and physical reaction or response to food . GBP prescribed to treat morbid obesity type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, GBP reduces the size of the stomach over 90%. A usual or normal stomach can stretch or extend, sometimes to more than 1000 mL, while the pouch of the GBP might be 15 mL in size . complications of GBP include Anastomotic spillage, Anastomotic stricture ,Anastomotic ulcer Dumping disorder, nutrional deficiency include Iron ,Vitamin B12 , hyperparathyroidism zinc lack, Protein hunger, thiamine . Gastric Bypass and Bilio-pancreatic diversion results in control/ cure of diabetes. With the patients having BMI greater than 35 GBP surgery should be done by making only small incisions (cuts) into the abdomen .Advantages of utilizing those techniques incorporate that patients don't need to remain in the emergency clinic as they have less pain and it doesn't take as long to recover, and the scars are smaller. Bariatric surgical procedures cause weight loss by restricting the amount of food the stomach can hold, causing malabsorption of nutrients, or by a combination of both gastric restriction and malabsorption. Bariatric procedures also often cause hormonal changes. Most weight loss surgeries today are performed using minimally invasive techniques (laparoscopic surgery).

Artificial Intelligence in surgery
Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicinal or health care services is the utilization of complex algorithms and software to assess human awareness in the investigation of complicated medical information or data. In particular, AI is the capacity for computer algorithms to an exact conclusion without direct human input. The goal of health-related AI applications is to analyze connections between aversion or treatment techniques and patient outcomes. Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot is Autonomous Robot will open an or wealth abundance of possibilities .Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR) has indicated predominant efficiency, accuracy or precision and reproducible compared with surgeons . It also out preformed human specialists or surgeons in a progression of ex- vivo and in-vivo careful task. Future Autonomous surgical robots will have capacity to ''see,' think,'' and ''act'' without active human intervention to accomplish a predetermined surgical goal securely and effectively. Surgical robot characterizes autonomy as ''a capacity or ability to perform intended tasks dependent on current state and detecting without human intervention.'' The advancement of tools , for example, algorithmic clinical decision support (CDS)within the surgery, with access to huge and varied stores of huge information , supported by the utilization of a mix of multi parametric information, permits cross‐talk between information stores and computer system that could give a elagant solution mostly in Oncological practice etc,. Robot can be used as it 1.may not harm a person, or, through inaction, permit an individual to come to hurt 2.must comply with the requests given it by individuals aside from where such requests would struggle with the First Law 3.must secure its own reality as long in that capacity assurance does not struggle with the First or Second Laws Artificial Heart Surgery