Clinical relevance of molecular characteristics in Burkitt lymphoma differs according to age

2022-07-06 - 2022-07

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and its leukemic manifestation Burkitt leukemia (B-AL) is the most common sub type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children and adolescents accounting for ~50% of cases. In comparison, BL only accounts for 1% of adult NHL cases in Europe and Northern America. The genetic hallmark of BL is a translocation involving the MYC oncogene and the immunoglobulin loci, primarily immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) in 80% of cases. Variant MYC translocations involve the light chain loci. Aside from MYC translocations, somatic single-nucleotide variants, insertions, and deletions of the ID3-TCF3-CCND3 pathway represent the most frequent genetic events in BL, with up to 90% in paediatric cases, but significantly lower frequency in adult BL. Recent reports have advanced the molecular understanding of BL biology by identifying additional genetic mutations, revealing genomic and transcriptomic alterations contributing to MYC dysregulation, and tracing the clonal evolution of BL.

The metabolic profile of reconstituting T-cells, NK-cells, and monocytes following autologous stem cell transplantation and its impact on outcome.

2022-07-06 - 2022-07

HDCT followed by auto-SCT is a well-established treatment option for different haematological malignancies including MM, Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). For newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) induction therapy followed by HDCT/auto-SCT remains the state of the art first-line treatment option for transplantation-eligible patients despite the introduction of various novel agents1. For mantle cell (MCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (TCL) patients the use of HDCT/auto-SCT as a consolidation treatment after induction chemotherapy increases progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Similar results have been observed for primary central nerve system lymphoma. In addition, about 50% of refractory or relapsed diffuse-large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients who respond to salvage treatment and proceed to HDCT/auto-SCT will achieve a sustained remission. Unfortunately, the other half will ultimately relapse and will have a poor prognosis.

Monomethyl auristatin antibody and peptide drug conjugates for trimodal cancer chemo-radio-immunotherapy.

2022-07-06 - 2022-07

Non-metastatic, locally advanced, cancers continue to drive patient mortality. For such patients, randomized clinical trials from the 1970s to 1990s unequivocally demonstrated the superiority of concurrently given chemotherapy with radiotherapy. Rationales for combining focal ionizing radiation (IR) with systemic drugs to attack macroscopic disease include: (1) independent mechanisms of tumour kill by chemotherapy and radiotherapy decrease emergence of treatment resistant tumour clonogens and (2) certain drugs radio sensitize, i.e., increase IR-induced DNA damage and cell death. While radiotherapy delivery techniques have become increasingly sophisticated to conform IR dose deposition to tumours, systemic drugs given with complex intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) remain non-targeted cytotoxins (i.e., cisplatin, taxanes, 5-FU). Although such concurrent chemotherapies improve irradiated tumour control and patient survival, these non-targeted cytotoxins inherently cause normal tissue collateral damage in the irradiated field and have systemic toxicities diminishing patient quality of life.

Preoperative prediction of the pathological stage of advanced gastric cancer by 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography

2022-07-06 - 2022-07

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although diagnosis, surgical techniques, and adjuvant therapies for gastric cancer have advanced over the years, the prognosis for stage III and IV GC remains poor. In recent years, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has become the first choice for advanced GC due to the advantages of early chemotherapy for micro-metastasis, good general condition, and high treatment compliance in Western countries. Similarly, a clinical study of NAC for GC with advanced lymph-node metastasis is currently underway by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG). One of the problems of NAC therapy is the uncertainty of preoperative diagnosis of GC, which leads to unnecessary treatment and excessive invasion for early stage patients. Currently, the preoperative diagnosis of GC is mainly performed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT), but accuracy remains inadequate.

Interrogating breast cancer heterogeneity using single and pooled circulating tumour cell analysis

2022-07-06 - 2022-07

Next-generation sequencing studies have demonstrated that cancer evolves over time and under the selective pressure of systemic treatment1. Temporal and spatial intratumor heterogeneity has now well been described in breast cancer. In the past years, the molecular assessment of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) holds the promise to become a valuable tool to map tumour heterogeneity and monitor tumour evolution. In addition, the enumeration and characterization of CTCs offers several potential clinical applications, ranging from the early detection of cancer, the estimation of the risk of metastatic recurrence, the real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy as well as the identification of resistance mechanisms in different tumour types, including BC6. To date, Cell Search is the only Food and Drug Administration approved technology for the detection of CTCs, and together with the DEP Array system allows the isolation and genomic characterization of single CTCs.

Clinical Oncology and Haematology

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Clinical relevance of molecular characteristics in Burkitt lymphoma differs according to age

The metabolic profile of reconstituting T-cells, NK-cells, and monocytes following autologous stem cell transplantation and its impact on outcome.

Monomethyl auristatin antibody and peptide drug conjugates for trimodal cancer chemo-radio-immunotherapy.

Preoperative prediction of the pathological stage of advanced gastric cancer by 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography

Interrogating breast cancer heterogeneity using single and pooled circulating tumour cell analysis

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